Feb 7, 2024 Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Discussion
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Discussion
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Discussion
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Discussion
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Discussion: Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Post: Apa format Plaese, 1.5page
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Explain the difference between an adjustment disorder and anxiety disorder. Provide examples to illustrate your rationale.
Explain the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder.
Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for social anxiety anxiety disorder.
Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resource.
Week 6: Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, and Related Disorders
Oh no! It is happening again. I am having a heart attack… I know it. My heart is racing, I can’t breathe, and I am shaking all over. I can’t go to the ER again. They will say what they always say… I am not having a heart attack. It is all in my head.
Barbara, age 68
The anxiety disorders provide us a good opportunity to take a close look at the nature/nurture debate as well as the gene/environment interactions that influence the nervous system and neurochemistry. A significant part of most of Sigmund Freud’s theories, the concept of anxiety has been debated and discussed over many years in the psychiatric literature. While Freud’s theories focused on the “mind” and the unconscious, another way to look at anxiety is with Hans Selye’s concept of “fight or flight” in which the sympathetic nervous system is activated as a response to stress. As you explore the concept of anxiety, you will notice that no two cases of anxiety are the same.
This week, you will explore evidence-based treatment methods for clients with anxiety disorders. You will complete a midterm exam and analyze reimbursement rates for treatment of mental health disorders.
Learning Resources
REQUIRED READINGS
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 9, “Anxiety Disorders” (pp. 387–417)
Chapter 11, “Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders” (pp. 437–451)
Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.
Chapter 16, “Panic Disorder”
Chapter 18, “Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)”
Chapter 19, “Generalized Anxiety Disorder”
Chapter 20, “Specific Phobia”
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
“Anxiety Disorders”
“Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders”
Stahl, S. M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using the link below. This link will take you to a login page for the Walden Library. Once you log in to the library, the Stahl website will appear. http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://sta…
To access information on specific medications, click on The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th Ed. tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.
Anxiety Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder
alprazolam
amitriptyline
amoxapine
buspirone
chlordiazepoxide
citalopram
clomipramine
clonazepam
clonidine
clorazepate
cyamemazine
desipramine
diazepam
dothiepin
doxepin
duloxetine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
gabapentin (adjunct)
hydroxyzine
imipramine
isocarboxazid
lofepramine
loflazepate
lorazepam
maprotiline
mianserin
mirtazapine
moclobemide
nefazodone
nortriptyline
oxazepam
paroxetine
phenelzine
pregabalin
reboxetine
sertraline
tiagabine
tianeptine
tranylcypromine
trazodone
trifluoperazine
trimipramine
venlafaxine
vilazodone
alprazolam
citalopram
desvenlafaxine
duloxetine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
mirtazapine
paroxetine
pregabalin
sertraline
tiagabine (adjunct)
venlafaxine
alprazolam
citalopram
clonazepam
desvenlafaxine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
isocarboxazid
lorazepam
mirtazapine
nefazodone
paroxetine
phenelzine
pregabalin
reboxetine
sertraline
tranylcypromine
venlafaxine
Posttraumatic stress disorder Reversal of benzodiazepine effects Social anxiety disorder
citalopram
clonidine
desvenlafaxine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
mirtazapine
nefazodone
paroxetine
prazosin (nightmares)
propranolol (prophylactic)
sertraline
venlafaxine
flumazenil citalopram
clonidine
desvenlafaxine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
isocarboxazid
moclobemide
paroxetine
phenelzine
pregabalin
sertraline
tranylcypromine
venlafaxine
Maples-Keller, J. L., Price, M., Rauch, S., Gerardi, M., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2017). Investigating relationships between PTSD symptom clusters within virtual reality exposure therapy for OEF/OIF veterans. Behavior Therapy, 48(2), 147–155. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.011
Hayes, J. P., Logue, M. W., Reagan, A., Salat, D., Wolf, E. J., Sadeh, N., & … Miller, M. W. (2017). COMT Val158Met polymorphism moderates the association between PTSD symptom severity and hippocampal volume. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN, 42(2), 95–102. doi:10.1503/jpn.150339
Quinn, B. L., & Peters, A. (2017). Strategies to reduce nursing student test anxiety: A literature review. Journal of Nursing Education, 56(3), 145–151. doi:10.3928/01484834-20170222-05
Document: Reimbursement Rate Template (Word document)
REQUIRED MEDIA
Wolpe, J. (Producer). (n.d.). Joseph Wolpe on systematic desensitization [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.
OPTIONAL RESOURCES
Acosta, M. C., Possemato, K., Maisto, S. A., Marsch, L. A., Barrie, K., Lantinga, L., . . . Rosenblum, A. (2017). Web-delivered CBT reduces heavy drinking in OEF-OIF veterans in primary care with symptomatic substance use and PTSD. Behavior Therapy, 48(2), 262-–276. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.001
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association (SAMHSA). (2014). TIP 57: Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Retrieved from: http://store.samhsa.gov/product/TIP-57-Trauma-Info…
Note: This document is available as a free download.
Discussion: Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are common in both primary care and psychiatric practice. Clients with anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorders, agoraphobia, and other specific phobias will present to the PMHNP’s office with a significant level of distress. Successful recognition and treatment of anxiety disorders includes an accurate diagnostic assessment with a treatment plan that includes a combination of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy. Although psychoanalytic theories are based on the concept of anxiety, the more recent standard of care is with the cognitive-behavioral therapies.
In this Discussion, you will analyze evidence-based treatment plans for clients with anxiety disorders.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze differences between adjustments disorders and anxiety disorders
Analyze diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders
Analyze evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for anxiety disorders
Compare differential diagnostic features of anxiety disorders
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!
To prepare for this Discussion:
By Day 5 of Week 5, your Instructor will have assigned you an anxiety disorder, which will be your focus for your initial post for this Discussion.
Review the Learning Resources.
BY DAY 3
Post:
Explain the difference between an adjustment disorder and anxiety disorder. Provide examples to illustrate your rationale.
Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned anxiety disorder.
Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for your assigned anxiety disorder.
Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resource.
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
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