Feb 23, 2024 LEGISLATION GRID AND TESTIMONY ADVOCACY STATEMENT NURS 6050
LEGISLATION GRID AND TESTIMONY ADVOCACY STATEMENT NURS 6050
LEGISLATION GRID AND TESTIMONY ADVOCACY STATEMENT NURS 6050
Maternal healthcare is one of the determinants of the quality, safety and efficiency of health in a state. The US is one of the most developed countries in the world. It is therefore expected to have the lowest maternal mortality and morbidity rates in the world. However, statistics show that the rates of maternal mortality and morbidity in the US are significantly high. Consequently, this paper explores a proposed policy that aims at reducing the current rates and trends in maternal mortality and morbidity in the USA.
Health-related Bill NameRecognizing The Maternal Health Crisis In The United States And The Importance Of Reducing Mortality And Morbidity Among All Women And Honoring MothersBill NumberH.Res.539DescriptionMaternal mortality and morbidity is a critical issue affecting the United States of America. The statistics presented in the bill shows that despite being a developed nation, America has the highest rate of maternal mortality and morbidity. The statistics also show that the risk for maternal mortality and morbidity is significantly elevated among women from ethnic minority groups when compared to the American natives. Women also experience challenges in their maternal care such as mistreatment that degrade their self-identity and autonomy. Based on the above maternal health-related issues, the Recognizing The Maternal Health Crisis In The United States And The Importance Of Reducing Mortality And Morbidity Among All Women And Honoring Mothers Act was proposed for implementation. The act seeks to address the issue by focusing on a number of aspects related to maternal health. Firstly, it seeks to raise the awareness of the public about maternal morbidity, mortality and the existence of disparities in maternal health-related outcomes. The bill also seeks to encourage states, Federal Government, territories, local communications and healthcare organizations among other stakeholders to take interventions that reduce the risk and rate of adverse maternal health outcomes as well as improve maternal safety. The other aims of the act include addressing and eliminating disparities in maternal health outcomes, ensuring the provision of equitable and respectively maternal care, honoring mothers who have died due to pregnancy-related complications, and supporting the collection of data on maternal morbidity and mortality. It also supports the need for further investment efforts to enhance maternal health and health outcomes as well as eliminate disparities in maternal healthcare. Federal or State?FederalLegislative IntentThe legislative intent of the act is to recognize the seriousness of maternal morbidity and mortality issues in the US. The act also seeks to raise the awareness of the public and other stakeholders on the need to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Further, the act aims at ensuring the disparities in outcomes of maternal health are eliminated. Lastly, it aims at ensuring that mothers and pregnant women receive respectful care that meets their health needs.Proponents/ OpponentsProponents: They include Reps. Underwood Lauren, Kelly Robin, Spanberger Abigail Davis, Wexton Jennifer, and Adams Alma. Opponents: none Target PopulationThe primary beneficiaries of the proposed bill are pregnant women and mothers. It also includes women from ethnic minorities. The secondary target population includes healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities. Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees?)The bill has been referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. General Notes/CommentsThe proposed bill is a crucial bill that should be adopted in the US. The need for the bill is attributed to the high rate of maternal mortality and morbidity rates in the USA. Its implementation would therefore support the provision of care that addresses the needs of pregnant women and mothers from diverse ethnic backgrounds.
Advocacy Statement
Maternal mortality and morbidity is a critical issue in the US despite it being a developed nation (Collier & Molina, 2019; Joseph et al., 2021). For example, statistics show that 60% of the maternal mortalities reported in the US are preventable. In addition, the risk of women of ethnic minority groups such as African American and American Indians dying from pregnancy related complications is three times that of the White women. Women also experience different forms of mistreatment, as they receive their needed maternal healthcare (Morton et al., 2019). Therefore, the proposed bill should be adopted in the USA to address the identified issues. The bill will increase the maternal health outcomes as well as the quality of care mothers and pregnant women receive (Congress.gov, 2021). Through the bill, the USA will rank among the world’s leading nations with lowest maternal mortality and morbidity rates. I will address the opponents in my position by presenting facts above the severity of the issue of maternal mortalities and morbidities in the US. I will also provide the socioeconomic implications of maternal mortalities and morbidities to the state. For example, I will explore the cost implications of the issue to the American economy and families.
Conclusion
The US currently has a high rate of maternal mortality and morbidity. Significant disparities exist in maternal health outcomes due to ethnicity of the mothers and pregnant women. The proposed bill is important in ensuring equity in maternal healthcare and adoption of best practices to reduce and prevent maternal mortalities and morbidities. Therefore, it should be implemented to promote public health.
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References
Collier, A. Y., & Molina, R. L. (2019). Maternal Mortality in the United States: Updates on Trends, Causes, and Solutions. NeoReviews, 20(10), e561–e574. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.20-10-e561
Morton, C. H., VanOtterloo, L. R., Seacrist, M. J., & Main, E. K. (2019). Translating Maternal Mortality Review Into Quality Improvement Opportunities in Response to Pregnancy-Related Deaths in California. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 48(3), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.03.003
Joseph, K. S., Boutin, A., Lisonkova, S., Muraca, G. M., Razaz, N., John, S., … & Schisterman, E. (2021). Maternal Mortality in the United States: Recent Trends, Current Status, and Future Considerations. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 137(5), 763. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004361
Congress.gov. (2021, July 19). Text – H.Res.539 – 117th Congress (2021-2022): Recognizing the maternal health crisis in the United States and the importance of reducing mortality and morbidity among all women, and honoring mothers. (2021/2022) [Legislation]. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/539/text
Use this document to complete Part 1 of the Module 2 Assessment Legislation Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Health-related Bill Name Telehealth Act: US Congress House Bill 7992 Bill NumberUS HB7992Description The bill, HB7992, proposes the expansion of the access to telehealth services, and for other purposes. In other words, the bill seeks to expand access to telehealth services, and for other purposes. On October 6th 2020, the bill was presented to the subcommittee on health. The bill also seeks to enhance the expansion in the use of technology in the healthcare processes. The bill was proposed by Rep. Troy Balderson [R-OH] and Rep. Ann Wagner [R-MO]. Federal or State? Federal Legislative IntentTo amend the public health Service Act to enhance the provision of assistance for the rural health clinics and health centers to implement the provision of the telemedicine services. In general, the bill seeks to enhance the application of telehealth in the provision of healthcare services to promote quality healthcare delivery in both the rural and urban healthcare facilities. Proponents/ OpponentsProponents: Republicans (It is a partisan bill) Opponents: Tony Yang, an associate research professor in health administration and policy for George Mason University. Target Population Population in the rural areas and healthcare professionals Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees?) House Subcommittee on Health Committee General Notes/Comments The bill is still pending at the subcommittee level, there is still public comments on it. Also, there is still no visible private or public participation discussions concerning the bill.
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
The telehealth Act, US Congress House Bill 7992 aims at enhancing the application of telehealth technology in the healthcare system. The bill, HB7992, proposes the expansion of the access to telehealth services, and for other purposes. In other words, the bill seeks to expand access to telehealth services, and for other purposes. On October 6th 2020, the bill was presented to the subcommittee on health. The bill also seeks to enhance the expansion in the use of technology in the healthcare processes. The bill was proposed by Rep. Troy Balderson [R-OH] and Rep. Ann Wagner [R-MO].
The Telehealth Act or the HB7992 bill is a significant proposal in the healthcare system. When implemented, there will be a general improvement in the healthcare delivery from different healthcare facilities, both urban and rural (Bieber & Weiner, 2018). The bill should be passed and signed into law as it will mostly help in healthcare delivery especially for the populations in the rural areas. Telehealth bill, when signed into law, will greatly save costs and provide healthcare assistance to the healthcare professionals assigned to the rural healthcare facilities (Borges, 2019). The Telehealth Act, although still in the subcommittee stage, needs to be passed to ensure general quality healthcare delivery processes.
The bill has both proponents and opponents. Convincing the opponents to support the bill is significant in ensuring that it becomes law. The opponent, Tony Yang, an associate research professor in health administration and policy for George Mason University, argues that the cost associated with the policy will be greater. However, there is a need to consider the fact that the act will lead to more benefits for both the patients and the healthcare professionals.
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References
Bieber, S. D., & Weiner, D. E. (2018). Telehealth and home dialysis: a new option for patients in the United States. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 13(8), 1288-1290. https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/8/1288.short
Borges, L. M. (2019). A Service Member’s experience of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Moral Injury (ACT-MI) via telehealth:“Learning to accept my pain and injury by reconnecting with my values and starting to live a meaningful life”. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.002
As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently? Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.
Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.
To Prepare:
Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Legislation Grid; 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)
Be sure to add a title page, an introduction, purpose statement, and a conclusion. This is an APA paper.
Part 1: Legislation Grid
Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:
Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:
Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
Explain how the social determinants of income, age, education, or gender affect this legislation.
Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
At least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources are used.
The affordable Care Act was signed with the main goal of affordable health insurance to all Americans. Its goal was to have a Healthier America. It has helped many people gain access to healthcare, but it has not measured up to its goal. Yes, more Americans have health insurance because they been forced to have it. However, in the future the number will go down for Americans with health insurance. According to the study by Eibav and Finkelstein (2023), “Risk of insurance loss is particularly high for those with health insurance through Medicaid or private exchanges; they have a 20% chance of losing coverage at some point over a 2-y period, compared to 8.5% for those with employer-provided coverage”.
One reason for people losing their health insurance is that the cost of health care is high. Even though the effort of the law’s is to make healthcare more affordable, many Americans are struggling to pay for medical expenses. Many people are being forced to pay between healthcare and crucial basic needs. The basic needs shelter, food, and clothing. Basic needs is essential for human survival, while healthcare insurance is necessary to ensure access to medical care.
The other reason it is failing is because of lack of competition in healthcare. Many insurance companies have pulled out of ACA exchanges. This has made it difficult for people to find affordable coverage. When insurance companies pull out of ACA exchanges it leaves consumers with fewer options and higher prices. (Einav & Finkelstein 2023)
Finally, there has been too much political opposition from the Republican who want to undermine the law. This leaves to much uncertainty and instability with the repeals that make it confusing and difficult for all Americans to make the right choices. If there are any right choices.
Inconclusion, the ACA has made progress: however, it does not reach all Americans as promised. It has faced to many challenges and will lead to many losing their health insurance due to high prices, confusing choices and it is becoming more confusing and unstable.
By Day 7 of Week 4
Submit your completed legislation grid and testimony/advocacy statement.
Regardless of geographical location, race, culture, and other factors, all populations deserve quality, timely, and affordable health. Besides, health care providers and stakeholders should devise interventions for health promotion and the protection of vulnerable communities. Health care policies are instrumental in health promotion since they outline guidelines for benefitting patients, communities, and health care providers (Wolstenholme & McKelvie, 2019). As a result, Congress and other law-making bodies formulate health promotion bills to advance health in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recently-proposed health-related bill and an advocacy statement supporting its legislation
Part 1: Legislation Grid
Health-related Bill NameEnd Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 Bill NumberH.R. 8654 (Congress.gov, 2022).DescriptionEnd Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 underlines that the United States foreign assistance program has an obligation to end global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic through multifaceted interventions, including actions that support TB diagnosis and treatment among all adults and children and prevent new infections (Congress.gov, 2022; Kaiser Family Foundation, 2022). The bill also outlines the objectives and goals of TB-related policy, such as appropriate funding of comprehensive person-centered programs, capacity building among populations where the TB burden is high, and direct support to at-risk and impoverished populations.Federal or State?FederalLegislative IntentThe bill’s intent is to prevent, cure, and treat tuberculosis globally. Besides, the bill ensures that at-risk populations are identified and get appropriate support.Proponents/ OpponentsProponents: Representative Ami Bera (Congress.gov, 2022).Opponents: no opponent has been notedTarget PopulationAll adults and children with all forms of Tuberculosis and at-risk populations in the United States (Congress.gov, 2022; Kaiser Family Foundation, 2022).Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees?)The bill is in the committees stage (House- Foreign Affairs) General Notes/CommentsThe bill focuses on a critical population health matter that deserves maximum attention from individuals, communities, health care providers, and governments. Generally, optimal health outcomes can only be achieved by protecting populations from infections, supporting health promotion programs, and identifying vulnerable populations. Since the bill will be instrumental in ending the TB pandemic and reducing health care costs, quick implementation is crucial. The federal government should also ensure that the United States foreign assistance program has adequate funding to achieve the health care goals outlined in the bill.
Part 2: Legislative Testimony/Advocacy Statement
Healthy populations are critical for a nation’s productivity and progressive economic well-being. The End Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 will be instrumental to people’s health and well-being and should be quickly implemented. It will be crucial to health and well-being since it promotes preventive health, which helps to reduce deaths, disability, and health inequities (Franklin & Sleet, 2018). Besides, the bill applies a global approach to achieve internal health outcomes since it will advance measures for protecting Americans from foreign TB infections. Such an approach will further help the nation to achieve Healthy People 2030 goals.
TB rates vary with populations’ characteristics. Social determinants of income affect the legislation of the End Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 since the variance in TB rates necessitates intervention programs specific to a population’s needs. Health research demonstrates a close link between TB and poverty since TB infections are high in low-income areas (Abou Jaoude et al., 2022). People living in low-income areas are likely to live in poorly ventilated and overcrowded conditions that are ideal for the spreading of TB bacteria. The rates of malnutrition and diseases such as HIV/AIDS are also high in low-income areas and increase TB resistance (Balinda et al., 2019). Such income-related outcomes necessitate adjustments in intervention measures since a universal approach cannot be used to promote health in populations with varying needs, vulnerabilities, and cultural practices.
Opponents should understand the implications of TB on populations, health care spending, and the progressive economic well-being of the nation. The best way to address them is through research and health statistics demonstrating the link between TB and adverse health outcomes. For instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) reported that TB is the leading infectious disease in the world and claims approximately 1.5 million lives annually. As a result, multifaceted health promotion programs are vital. Abou Jaoude et al. (2022) stated that Stop TB Partnerships and health promotion programs have helped to reduce TB spending. Similar measures underlined in the End Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 should be intensified to protect general and vulnerable populations.
Conclusion
Health care bills advance health through more funding, advocacy, and the protection of special populations, among other strategies. Implementing the End Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022 will be instrumental in attaining healthy and productive populations. As a result, quick implementation of the bill is essential and more support from legislators is needed as well. The government should also supplement such interventions with other health promotion programs, particularly in vulnerable communities where TB rates are high.
References
Abou Jaoude, G. J., Baena, I. G., Nguhiu, P., Siroka, A., Palmer, T., Goscé, L., … & Haghparast-Bidgoli, H. (2022). National tuberculosis spending efficiency and its associated factors in 121 low-income and middle-income countries, 2010–19: a data envelopment and stochastic frontier analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 10(5), e649-e660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00085-7
Balinda, I. G., Sugrue, D. D., & Ivers, L. C. (2019). More than malnutrition: a review of the relationship between food insecurity and tuberculosis. Open forum infectious diseases, 6(4), ofz102. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz102
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Tuberculosis. https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/newsroom/topics/tb/index.html
Congress.gov. (2022). H.R. 8654– End Tuberculosis Now Act of 2022. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8654
Franklin, R. C., & Sleet, D. A. (2018). Injury prevention and health promotion: A global perspective. Health Promotion Journal of Australia: Official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 29(2), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.191
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2022). U.S. global health legislation tracker. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/fact-sheet/u-s-global-health-legislation-tracker/
Wolstenholme, E., & McKelvie, D. (2019).The dynamics of care: Understanding people flows in health and social care. Springer.
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