Feb 23, 2024 HCA 497 Week 5 DQ 1 Special Populations
HCA 497 Week 5 DQ 1 Special Populations
HCA 497 Week 5 DQ 1 Special Populations
Identify three special population groups in the U.S. and explain some of the major health care issues that are unique to each group. Providing examples, analyze the efforts of the U.S. health care system to address the needs of these special population groups. Do you think that the U.S. health care system is doing a good job? Why or why not?
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HCA 497 Week 5 DQ 1 Special Populations
Performing a thorough evaluation of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) in your community results in the acquisition of a vast understanding of challenges and differences in the health of the female population. Tackling challenges associated with these social determinants of health is crucial for raising the standard of living of women. Women with poor incomes are most affected by the housing problem. This is because persons with low socio-economic status end up living in poorly constructed houses in poor neighborhoods that lack access to utilities.
Living in such conditions exposes the residents to health hazards. To tackle the housing challenge, it may be profitable to prospect for strategies that can guarantee affordable housing (Rolfe et al., 2020). Moreover, cultivating urban developments that encourage the presence of walkable areas and parks promotes the overall health of the community. To assess risk, a housing quality checklist can be used.
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Minority and marginalized groups in the community are the most affected by discrimination. Minority groups are often victims of hate crimes and have challenges accessing resources and opportunities. Regulations that curb discrimination and conversations within the community to nurture unity and harmony are effective in addressing societal vices such as racism.
Working in synch with leadership within the community to foster inclusion and promote diversity can result in substantial progress. Discrimination predisposes individuals to psychological stress, and other mental health issues(Yearby, 2020). The risk can be assessed through community safety assessment tools. It may also lead to physical assault and violence.
Pollution of air and water commonly affects communities living near industrial parks. The women living in such areas have difficulty accessing clean water since most water sources are contaminated by pollutants. This predisposes individuals to diseases of the lung, heart, and various cancers(Jilani et al., 2021).
This can be handled by enforcing strict environmental health and occupational regulations and advocating for a transition to green energy. Failure to do this increases the risk of diseases from environmental health hazards. The risk can be assessed through water and air quality assessment tools.
In addition, women earning low income end up with scanty access to quality education. This leads to a vicious cycle since poor education increases the probability of having a low income since there is a narrow scope of job opportunities. The education gap results in income inequality, which can lead to discrepancies in access to healthcare services(Chinn et al., 2021).
The effects and risks can be assessed by taking the employment and income history of the individuals. The education problem can be addressed by ensuring access to free quality education for all children and prescribing better wages for all women in the community. Addressing the problem tackles the associated health risk such as depression associated with unemployment.
Individuals living in urban areas are faced with a challenge in accessing healthy foods and balanced diets since fast foods are preferred. Women living in urban areas have challenges accessing quality affordable foods and have limited opportunities for physical exercise since office jobs limit physical activity. The effect is the adoption of sedentary lifestyles(Brown et al., 2019).
The problem can be addressed by promoting the construction of farmers’ markets and educating the community on nutritional matters. Surveys on physical activity and access to food can be done to assess for risk in a particular group. Failure to address the cause and effects of poor lifestyles can predispose individuals to obesity, and lifestyle-related diseases.
References
Brown, A. G. M., Esposito, L. E., Fisher, R. A., Nicastro, H. L., Tabor, D. C., & Walker, J. R. (2019). Food insecurity and obesity: Research gaps, opportunities, and challenges. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 9(5), 980–987. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz117
Chinn, J. J., Martin, I. K., & Redmond, N. (2021). Health Equity Among Black Women in the United States. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8868
Jilani, M. H., Javed, Z., Yahya, T., Valero-Elizondo, J., Khan, S. U., Kash, B., Blankstein, R., Virani, S. S., Blaha, M. J., Dubey, P., Hyder, A. A., Vahidy, F. S., Cainzos-Achirica, M., & Nasir, K. (2021). Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Current State and Future Directions Towards Healthcare Equity. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 23(9), 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-021-00949-w
Rolfe, S., Garnham, L., Godwin, J., Anderson, I., Seaman, P., & Donaldson, C. (2020). Housing as a social determinant of health and wellbeing: Developing an empirically-informed realist theoretical framework. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09224-0
Yearby, R. (2020). Structural Racism and Health Disparities: Reconfiguring the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Include the Root Cause. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(3), 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958876
This is a great discussion on treatment strategies for the management of bipolar disorder in pregnant women. I have learned that Lithium is the first-line mood-stabilizer/medication and gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder. Indeed, Lithium is often effective as a monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder, making it a good choice during pregnancy. I agree with using Aripiprazole as an off-label treatment for bipolar disorder in pregnancy. Without a doubt, CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective non-pharmacologic interventions for treating bipolar disorder during pregnancy.
Lithium is widely considered to be the gold standard mood stabilizer for the treatment and prevention of relapses, particularly manic episodes, in bipolar disorder type I. Treatment with lithium can reduce the risk of relapse during pregnancy and the postpartum period (Poels et al., 2018). However, its use is limited by concerns about teratogenicity and perinatal complications.
When prescribing medications for pregnant women with Bipolar disorder, clinicians must balance concerns about anatomical and behavioral teratogenicity, maternal mental health, exposure to multiple drugs, and increased risks for peripartum mood episodes (Albertini et al., 2019). Risk-benefit analyses must consider factors like severity of illness, past pregnancy treatment outcomes, psychosocial supports, and key windows during fetal development (Byrne & Hardy, 2021).
Pharmacological decision usually changes over the course of pregnancy, given developments in maternal physiology and critical relapse risk periods. Most second-generation antipsychotics are considered relatively safe, apart from possible extrapyramidal and other motor signs of withdrawal after delivery.
References
Albertini, E., Ernst, C. L., & Tamaroff, R. S. (2019). Psychopharmacological decision making in bipolar disorder during pregnancy and lactation: a case-by-case approach to using current evidence. FOCUS, A Journal of the American Psychiatric Association, 17(3), 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20190007
Byrne, N. R., & Hardy, L. (2021). Medication Algorithm for Bipolar Treatment During the Perinatal Period.
Poels, E. M., Bijma, H. H., Galbally, M., & Bergink, V. (2018). Lithium during pregnancy and after delivery: a review. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, 6, 1-12.
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