Feb 23, 2024 NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
Scenario 3: Syphilis
A 37-year-old male comes to the clinic with a complaint of a “sore on my penis” that has been there for 5 days. He says it burns and leaked a little fluid. He denies any other symptoms. Past medical history noncontributory.
SH: Bartender and he states he often “hooks up” with some of the patrons, both male and female after work. He does not always use condoms.
PE: WNL except for a lesion on the lateral side of the penis adjacent to the glans. The area is indurated with a small round raised lesion. The APRN orders laboratory tests, but feels the patient has syphilis.
Question:
1. What are the 4 stages of syphilis
Your Answer:
Syphilis progresses through four distinct stages, each characterized by specific symptoms and clinical manifestations:
Primary Stage: This stage begins with the appearance of a painless sore called a chancre at the site of infection, typically within 3 weeks after exposure. The sore is firm, round, and often goes unnoticed. It can last for a few weeks and eventually heals on its own. The chancre is highly contagious and contains the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
Secondary Stage: After the chancre heals, the secondary stage emerges, usually a few weeks to a few months later. Symptoms during this stage can vary widely and may include a skin rash, mucous membrane lesions (e.g., in the mouth or genitals), fever, fatigue, sore throat, and muscle aches. The rash is typically non-itchy, red or brown, and may appear on the palms and soles. These symptoms can come and go over several weeks.
Latent Stage: This stage is characterized by the absence of visible symptoms. Syphilis remains present in the body, but there are no outward signs or symptoms. Latent syphilis is further categorized into early latent (within a year of initial infection) and late latent (more than a year after initial infection). During this stage, the infection can still be transmitted to others through sexual contact.
Tertiary Stage: If left untreated, syphilis can progress to the tertiary stage, which can occur years after the initial infection. Tertiary syphilis is rare due to the widespread use of antibiotics. However, it can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening complications, such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, brain, nerves, and other organs. Neurological complications can lead to significant disability.
Your discussion was very insightful. Just to piggyback on what you said, the patient is probably experiencing premenopausal symptoms evident by hot flash, night sweats, and genitourinary symptoms. According to Smail et al. (2019), menopause is the period from when a woman has stopped menstruating for a period of twelve conservative months.
Smail 2019 explains that during this time there is drop in the production of the ovarian hormones’ estrogen and progesterone leading symptoms and diseases like vaginal infections, increased risk for osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, mood alterations, hot flashes, depression, and urinary tract infections. Roberts & Hickey (2016) also discusses that during menopause common findings such as genitourinary syndrome of menopause, sleep disturbances, vasomotor symptoms (VMS), and mood disturbances are common.
Treatment Regimen Choice or Pharmacotherapeutics Recommendation
To control the patient blood pressure and the patient’s obesity, I will encourage patient to keep to
Struggling to Meet Your Deadline?
Get your assignment on NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW!
Meet my deadline
NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
current medication prescription regimen, make lifestyle changes, and monitor blood pressure reading regularly. VMS treatments would be based on how disturbing the symptoms are (Roberts & Hickey, 2016). Currently the most effective treatment for VMS is moderate dose estrogen-containing hormone therapy (HT), and that also improves vaginal dryness (Roberts & Hickey).
They also explain that to help reduce VMS, SSRI such as escitalopram is a reasonable first choice since it is well tolerated. I will prescribe transdermal estradiol patch, spray, or gel. The patch will be applied to the skin of the trunk, or the spray to apply once daily to the forearm or the gel to apply once daily to one arm, from the shoulder to the wrist or to the thigh (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). when used for VMS, escitalopram reduces the frequency, severity and improves quality of life, improves sleep, and does not cause sexual dysfunction (Rosenthal & Burchum). Transdermal formulations range of estrogen absorption is from 14 to 60 mcg/24 hr, depending on the product employed (Rosenthal & Burchum).
Patient Education Strategy Recommendation
To help with the patient’s VMS, I will educate the patient on eating heart healthy food such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and maintain a normal level of vitamin D and Calcium (McCance & Huether, 2019). To manage the patient’s weight, I will encourage her to reduce the amount of processed foods, reduce salt intake, avoid or limit alcohol consumption, maintain a healthy weight, manage stress level and regular exercise weekly at least for thirty minutes daily (McCance & Huether).
Maintain good sleep pattern by avoiding caffeine, engage in bedtime relaxation rituals such as stay away from bright lights to reduce things that can cause excitement before bedtime and avoid eating large meals for at least two hours before bedtime (Fujimoto, 2017). Fujimoto also explains that keeping to regular health maintenance such as pap smear test, mammograms, breast self-examination, cholesterol screening. Also, I will encourage the patient to take flu shot annually.
References
Fujimoto, K. (2017). Effectiveness of coaching for enhancing the health of menopausal Japanese women. Journal of Women & Aging, 29(3), 216–229. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1080/08952841.2015.1137434
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Roberts H., & Hickey, M. (2016) managing the menopause: An update. Maturitas, 86(2016), 53-58. Retrieved from https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/science/article/pii/S037851221630007X?via%3Dihub
Smail, L., Jassim, G., & Shakil, A. (2019). Menopause-Specific Quality of Life among Emirati Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1). https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3390/ijerph17010040
In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
Sexually transmitted diseases
Prostate
Epididymitis
Factors that affect fertility
Reproductive health
Alterations and fertility
Anemia
ITP and TTP
DIC
Thrombocytopeni
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 7 of Week 10
To complete this Knowledge Check:
Module 7 Knowledge Check
Week 10: Concepts of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
Literature, cinema, and other cultural references have long examined differences between women and men. These observations extend well beyond obvious and even inconspicuous traits to include cultural, behavioral, and biological differences that can impact pathophysiological process and, ultimately, health.
Understanding these differences in traits and their impact on pathophysiology can better equip acute care nurses to communicate to patients of both sexes. Furthermore, APRNs who are able to communicate these differences can better guide care to patients, whatever their gender.
This week, you examine fundamental concepts of women’s and men’s health disorders. You also explore common infections and hematologic disorders, and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze concepts and principles of pathophysiology across the life span
Analyze processes related to women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders
Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NURS 6501 Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems (stop at Tests of reproductive function); Summary Review
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System (stop at Organ prolapse); pp. 787–788 (start at Impaired fertility) (stop at Disorders of the female breast); Summary Review
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System (stop at Hormone levels); Summary Review
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections, including Summary Review
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematological System (stop at Clinical evaluation of the hematological system); Summary Review
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function, including Summary Review
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function, including Summary Review
Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481
Kessler, C. M. (2019). Immune thrombocytopenic purpura [LK1] (ITP). Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202158-overview
Nagalia, S. (2019). Pernicious anemia[LK1] . Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204930-overview#a3
Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I. [LK1] (2019). Anemia at older age: Etiologies, clinical implications and management. Blood Journal, 131(5). Retrieved from http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/131/5/505?sso-checked=true
Credit Line: Anemia at older age: Etiologies, clinical implications and management by Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I., in Blood Journal, Vol. 131/Issue 5. Copyright 2019 by American Society of Hematology. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Hematology via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Document: NURS 6501 Final Exam Review (PDF document)
Note: Use this document to help you as you review for your Final Exam in Week 11.
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Module 7 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris
Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 7 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Knowledge Check and your Assignment. (3m)
Khan Academy. (2019a). Chronic disease vs iron deficiency anemia[LK1] . Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/hematologic-system-diseases-2/iron-deficiency-anemia-and-anemia-of-chronic-disease/v/chronic-disease-vs-iron-deficiency-anemia
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 5 minutes.
Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 24, 26, 28, and 30 that relate to the reproductive and hematological systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/
As you stated, this patient presents with a delayed penicillin reaction and not an immediate one. Therefore, I believe cephalosporins should be safe for this patient. Your recommendation was to place the patient on cefadroxil. One study from 1983 presented thirty-four patients with CAP, and they were treated with cefadroxil 500mg BID or cephalexin 250mg QID. Both groups had Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated and had mild to moderate symptoms.
All patients were cured of their CAP, and only a few presented with minimal side effects (Blaser et al., 1983). Therefore, your recommendation for prescribing cefadroxil would be appropriate for this patient if his sputum culture showed Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, I do not identify literature that supports using this antibiotic regularly in current standard practice. I would be interested in looking for further studies that included this antibiotic.
More importantly, you discussed using antibiotic stewardship. We have learned that antimicrobial resistance is a threat to various treatments. The World Health Organization lists S. pneumoniae as one of the 12 bacterias for which new antibiotic treatments are needed (Farajzadeh Sheikh et al., 2021). To combat this, electronic medical records have initiated a hard stop protocol for providers that are ordering antibiotics.
It causes the provider to choose how many days a patient should be on a certain antibiotic. This function causes the provider to review the current antibiotic for inappropriate use. It allows for a reduction in the length of treatment for patients with CAP and COPD without an increase in adverse events (Galimam et al., 2022).
If a patient is unable to produce a sputum sample, a urine sample can be obtained to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most common bacterial causes of CAP. S. pneumoniae shows the most susceptibility towards ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanate (Farajzadeh Sheikh et al., 2021). Co-trimoxazole should be avoided because it only has a 26.7% susceptibility rate.
References
Blaser, M. J., Klaus, B. D., Jacobson, J. A., Kasworm, E., & LaForce, F. M. (1983). Comparison of cefadroxil and cephalexin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 24(2), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.24.2.163
Farajzadeh Sheikh, A., Rahimi, R., Meghdadi, H., Alami, A., & Saki, M. (2021). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae and their antibiotic resistance in patients with community-acquired pneumonia from Southwest Iran. BMC Microbiology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02408-7
Galimam, S., Panozzo, B., Muir, K., & Chavada, R. (2022). “Antibiotic hardstop” on electronic prescribing: Impact on antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and infective exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IECOPD). BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07117-8
Order a similar assignment, and have writers from our team of experts write it for you, guaranteeing you an A
