Feb 23, 2024 PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment Details:
Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:
In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care.
Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory
Christians believe in the saving power of God through the Son, Jesus Christ. According to Christianity, God exists in three forms, God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. God can do different tasks in human life through various forms. God created all beings and placed them on earth. He later gave human beings the power to rule and dominate the world. Therefore, there is no doubt that God can sustain what he created. The Christians believe in the spiritual source of help whenever confronted with an issue.
Similarly, the ethical perspective of an act would be judged based on the will of God. Furthermore, Christians believe that God is the giver of all things, including wisdom. As a result, patients should be handled as living objects and treated with dignity since they are part of God’s creation (McGhee, 2019).
However, the postmodern relativism perspective is grounded on the scientific inquiry on the issues and challenges people face (Cabrero, 2018). The scientific approach dwells so much on research and evidence-based solutions. Post-modern relativism does not hold on any definite truth, and this means that they believe in the invention rather than discovery. Therefore, the perspective would also have different regard to ethics. For example, there are no guideline standards to judge murder as either morally upright or wrong based on the post-modern relativism. Besides, the approach does not give much credit to human life as compared to the lives of other creatures, as evident in the Christian worldview (Orr, 2015). Therefore, it becomes difficult to work in an environment with limited truth and a lack of definite ethical guidelines as a nurse. For a Christian, euthanasia is considered ethically wrong; however, the act may not be morally wrong for the postmodern relativists.
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In 250-300 words, explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.
In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview: (a) What is ultimate reality? (b) What is the nature of the universe? (c) What is a human being? (d) What is knowledge? (e) What is your basis of ethics? (f) What is the purpose of your existence?
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Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory SAMPLE 2
Christianity avails a religious view on the nature of ethics and spirituality. It contends that spirituality is the spiritual prism that explains the notion of God in terms of who, what, and how. God is perceived as the eternal and all-powerful being above everything and everyone (Porter, 2022). While the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics concerns the notion of God, it contrasts with other views. The purpose of this essay is to explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the philosophy of postmodern relativism within health care. Further, it seeks to explain scientism and describe two main arguments against it. Similarly, it determines to respond to worldview questions according to my perspective and worldview.
Christian View of the Nature of Spirituality and Ethics and Postmodern Relativism.
Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality is a way of life that involves beliefs and values related to the ultimate concern (Deng, 2019). For Christians, the utmost respect is God revealed in Jesus Christ, and Christian spirituality requires the fellowship of Christ and living in Christ through the gift of the Holy Spirit. Christian ethics is a virtue ethic that focuses on developing an ethical character. It begins with obedience to a set of rules and laws seen as divine commands reflecting behaviors that are morally required, forbidden, or permitted (Klenk, 2019). The rules are based on divine love, which aims to avail human beings of life, peace, joy, happiness, and tranquility. In nursing, spirituality conforms to God’s expectations without room for ambiguity.
The Christian perspective of spirituality and ethics has implications for health care through guiding decision-making by setting boundaries for accepting choices or options when making decisions. The primary moral and social elements are based on compassion, attention, respect, prayer, and empathy. In addition, most studies have indicated that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life even during chronic illness and less anxiety, depression, and suicide (Gardner et al., 2020).
Postmodernism relativism rejects universal moral and spiritual values and accepts the relativity of all values in all areas. Therefore, it supports no specific value preference. It argues everyone should order their values, value preferences, and approaches. Thus, under the influence of postmodern assumptions, nursing care emphasizes plurality, respect for cultural and individual differences, relativism of truth or reality, constructive discourse, different views to special knowledge, positioning, and listening to other voices (Zardosht, 2020).
Scientism and the main arguments against it.
Scientism believes that science and the scientific method are the best or only objective means by which people should determine normative and epistemological values. It is a hyperbolic trust in the efficacy of natural science methods applied to all investigation areas. In sum, according to scientism, science is the only way of knowing what’s true or accurate. If something hasn’t been verified by science, we’re not justified in saying we know it to be accurate or factual (Peels, 2019).
The two central arguments against scientism are the false dilemma and self-referential incoherence: The concept of false dilemma argument posits that an opinion either misrepresents the results of available options when making a decision or stalls in presenting all the options available. Therefore, the false dilemma argument against scientism argues the theory is fallacious (Peels, 2019). Immaterial things such as the spiritual or divine are beyond the argument and stance of scientism. In relating to nature, scientism doesn’t have the complete answers to its questions. Moreover, studies have shown that scientific studies sometimes contradict other scientific findings. On the other hand, the self-referential incoherence argument claims that when an argument is applied to itself, it refutes itself. Thus, it posits scientism denies itself; it is not valid in self-reference (Peels, 2019).
Ultimate Reality
Ultimate reality is the traditional Christian theistic concept of God. From a Christian perspective, God is the unique source of all reality; besides God, there is nothing tangible. God is the source and essence of all meaning and things: the world in general and human life in particular. Ultimate reality refers to all reality’s supreme, final, and fundamental power. God is the supreme, absolute, and actual power in all reality (Utke, 2021).
The Nature of the Universe
The universe is a concomitant community of beings inseparably connected in space and time. From its start, the universe has had a psychic-spiritual dimension. The universe is a sharing of subjects, not a collection of objects. The Christians believe that God created and made the universe morally good from the beginning. As Christians share in God’s image, they believe they should live according to God’s plan and design. This comprises the care of the earth as well as their own lives and bodies (Gruenler, 2020).
A Human Being
The Christian perspective portrays human beings as self-conscious, willful, innovative entities who, under God, preside over their environment. In other words, they are persons. God made each male and female a person in the likeness of His personhood. Moreover, considered in the meaning of nature, the human person is a physical being, knowledgeable, responsible agent, reasonable and relational being to God, other persons, society, and the purpose of human life (Ware, 2021). In nursing parlance, humans as holistic beings are unique, dynamic, conscious, and multidimensional, capable of abstract reasoning, creativity, aesthetic appreciation, and self-responsibility.
Knowledge
Many theorists have coined their theories about knowledge. For Locke, all knowledge comes exclusively through experience. He argues that at birth, the mind is a blank slate that humans fill with ideas as they experience the world through the five senses (Woozley, 2020). But according to Aristotle, he alludes that all instruction given or received by way of argument proceeds from pre-existent accumulative knowing based upon particular experience.
The theorist though having divergent opinions converges on common ideas about evidence, experience, and acquiring relative to knowledge. So that the worldview about knowledge concerns developing new evidence through experience (either by experiment or observation) and association. Thus, according to the worldview, knowledge is the idea of knowing something with familiarity obtained through experience or association. Further, it is acquainted with or understanding a science or art (Otaka, 2019). In nursing parlance, knowledge is how the whole purpose of caring for patients is achieved; it underpins the entire profession, defines nurses in terms of what they do, and aids in differentiating nurses from lay carers or care support workers.
My Basis of Ethics
My basis of ethics emanates from the realization of being created in the image and likeness of a moral God. It is built on well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what I ought to undertake, usually regarding rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics guides and directs my life and aids me in role model leadership in my nursing profession.
My Purpose for Existence
The central theme of my existence rotates on the axis of dependence and ownership to the ultimate Reality-God who fulfills his purpose for me. As a Christian, God’s purpose for me is my purpose. This is key to comprehending God’s purpose for my life since He is the essence of my life- the reason for my existence. God has accounted for my days and will fulfill every purpose He has for me. However, my choices and actions also really matter. And as such, my life purpose consists of the central motivating aims of life—the call and reasons for living- to be obedient to God and be a blessing to humanity. The purpose guides my life decisions, influences my behavior, shapes my goals, offers a sense of direction, and creates meaning in my life (Santayana, 2021). Simply put, I am here for the sake of others, and for the good of humanity.
Conclusion
Christianity avails a worldview perspective on the nature of ethics and spirituality. It argues that spirituality explains the notion of God as the ultimate reality understood as the eternal and all-powerful being above everything and everyone. So the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality is a way of life that involves beliefs and values related to the ultimate concern. Similarly, Christian ethics is a virtue aiding in the development of ethical character, beginning with obedience to a set of rules and laws that shapes behaviors morally acceptable and needed in health care to guide relational aspects and decision-making. In addition, spirituality offers people a way to comprehend suffering and illness. Spiritual beliefs can also impact how people cope with illness. Healthcare providers can create more holistic and compassionate care systems by addressing the spiritual issues of patients, loved ones, and themselves. Moreover, on the other hand, postmodernism relativism opposes and abandons universal moral and spiritual values but agrees on the relativism of all values in all areas. Further, scientism is not science but the opinion that places science and scientific procedures as the only objective means to ascertain reality and truth on normative and epistemological values. The view faces criticism from the false dilemma and self-referential incoherence arguments because it is both fallacious and refutes itself.
References
Deng, G. (2019). The origins of postmodern moral relativism. Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, 8(1), 77-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2018.7.2.2019.8.1.5
Gardner, F., Tan, H., & Rumbold, B. (2020). What spirituality means for patients and families in health care. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(1), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0716-x
Gruenler, R. G. (2020). The Inexhaustible God: Biblical Faith and the Challenge of Process Theism. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Klenk, M. (2019). Moral philosophy and the ‘ethical turn’in anthropology. Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie, 2(2), 331-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42048-019-00040-9
Otaka, K. (2019). Reconsidering the Meaning of Knowledge Based on Experiences of Community‐Based Social Education Practice in Japan. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2019(162), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20328
Porter, J. (2022). Trajectories in Christian ethics. Encyclopedia of Religious Ethics, 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118499528.ch65
Peels, R. (2019). Should We Accept Scientism? The Argument from Self-Referential Incoherence. In What Is Scientific Knowledge? (pp. 274-287). Routledge.
Santayana, G. (2021). The life of reason: The phases of human progress. Prabhat Prakashan.
Utke, A. R. (2021). Ultimate Reality and Meaning and the Cosmic Information Field. Ultimate Reality and Meaning, 38(1-2), 82-105. https://doi.org/10.3138/uram.38.1-2.82
Ware, K. (2021). “In the image and likeness”: The uniqueness of the human person. In Theological Anthropology, 500 Years after Martin Luther (pp. 48-64). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004461253_004
Woozley, A. D. (2020). Theory of Knowledge: an introduction. Routledge.
Zardosht, R. (2020). Nursing care and postmodernism. Future of Medical Education Journal, 10(2). http://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_15679.html
PHI-413V Topic 1 Overview
Foundational Issues in Christian Spirituality and Ethics
Introduction
Welcome to Grand Canyon University’s course on Ethical and Spiritual Decision-Making in health care. Some students may be apprehensive and object to taking this course because they feel such a course is not necessary for their major. Yet Grand Canyon University has a long-standing Christian heritage, meaning that our Christian faith is fundamental to all that we do. We want all students to feel welcome here, regardless of their religion or beliefs, but we also want all students to at least understand the Christian worldview and be challenged to think carefully about the deeper questions of life. PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
In addition, this course serves several key purposes for training in health care. First, it is important to understand that many of the foundational beliefs that the fields of medicine and health care take for granted (such as the intrinsic dignity and value of all human beings, regardless of race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, etc.) are deeply held Christian values that come from the Christian worldview and have shaped the practice of medicine for almost 2,000 years. Second, all human beings hold beliefs, live, and act in the context of their worldview. All decisions, including health care decisions, that human beings make are informed by their most deeply held values and beliefs which comprise a person’s worldview. Thus, it is important to understand how a patient’s worldview will shape their decision-making and values in health care. Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory assignment
Third, decision-making in health care often times involves ethical decisions about right or wrong, and it is crucial for health care practitioners to have an understanding of the nature of ethical decision-making, as well as some practical training. Fundamentally, this course is about how the Christian worldview approaches various issues and questions in health care. In understanding the Christian worldview, one will also come to learn how different worldviews might approach the same questions.
Some students may be unsure what their worldview is or have a worldview that is very different from Christianity and wonder how they will fit into such a class. Everyone has a mixture of beliefs that make him or her unique. Please be assured that the goal is to help each student feel comfortable interacting with other students and to have a positive experience. The College of Theology and instructors hope to encourage critical thinking about one’s worldview and purpose in life. This is an opportunity to think about what you believe, challenge your assumptions, learn from others, and move forward on your unique life journey.
Throughout this course, you will be seeking wisdom. And from the Christian worldview, all wisdom comes from God. This is why James, the brother of Jesus, wrote in his letter, “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him” (James 1:5 NIV). Understanding what a worldview is,
and in particular the elements of Christian worldview, will help one understand the foundations of Christian spirituality and ethics.
What Is a Worldview?
The following definitions are helpful:
· “A set of assumptions or beliefs about reality that affect how we think and how we live” (Cosgrove, 2006, p. 19).
· “The comprehensive perspective from which we interpret all of reality” (Keller, 2012, p. 157).
Worldview is often described as a set of lenses through which we view the world. As a descriptive lens, our worldview influences our perception of the world. What is true? What is reality? As a prescriptive lens, our worldview influences our evaluation of what is true. What does it mean? How should we live? Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory assignment PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
One may readily see that if one views the nature of the universe as consisting of only physical matter and energy, then that person’s understanding of the meaning of life and how we should live will likely be far different from one whose perception of the universe includes a spiritual realm where life continues after death and goodness is rewarded. PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
While it is true that all people have their own private worldviews with values and beliefs that have been shaped by culture, education, experiences, and relationships, it is also valuable to speak of shared worldviews, those foundational assumptions or beliefs that many people hold in common. For the sake of this course, the course content will be reduced from the many-shared worldviews to three basic worldview families.
What Are the Three Basic Worldview Families?
Though there are many different worldviews, for the purpose of this course they have been simplified into three basic worldview families. There are many variations within these families.
Atheism
Atheism is the worldview of those who believe only in what their senses can detect— only what may be analyzed and understood in a scientific laboratory. This view believes in no God or spiritual realm. The cosmos consists of only the natural or physical realm of matter and energy. Other names often associated with this worldview family are naturalism and secular humanism. Most whose worldview values and behavior are aligned with atheism prefer to be considered agnostics. These are uncertain of the existence of God, skeptical for the most part, yet open to the possibility. Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory assignment
Pantheism
Pantheism is the worldview of spiritualism, the belief that “all is God” as the word implies. Pantheists believe in a spiritual realm, but no relational God who has revealed
himself to humanity and is actively involved in the lives of those who believe in him. This worldview family consists of the Eastern religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as the more eclectic Western belief known as New Age. Pantheists typically embrace an impersonal oneness of which all humans may become a part, becoming godlike themselves as they reach higher levels of spirituality.
Theism
Theism, or monotheism, is the worldview of the three major religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Though these three have huge differences rendering them incompatible with each other, they do nonetheless have some similarities. Theists all believe in a single, personal, and relational God who is the creator and sustainer of all that exists. They all likewise believe in absolute truth and morality, and an afterlife. The focus of this course is Christianity, so the course will be comparing these three worldviews: atheism, pantheism, and Christianity.
Another common worldview name, deism, is somewhat of an enigma—having a basic belief in God, but a God who is not relational or involved in human life. So although falling under the broad category of theism, deists may effectively live as atheists. Many people have complex worldviews that are a mix of various beliefs from the major worldview families.
How Do We Determine Our Worldview?
There are six components that help to determine worldview. The following questions correspond to each component. Answering each of the following questions for yourself will help you begin thinking about your own worldview:
1. What Is Ultimate Reality?
Does reality consist basically of physical matter and energy, as the atheists believe? Is reality an impersonal spiritual entity that dominates the universe and to which all humans must endeavor to attain unity with, as the pantheists assert, or is there a personal and relational, all-powerful, and sovereign God who exists everywhere, but is separate from the physical world he created, as believed by Christians and other theists?
2. What Is the Nature of the Universe?
This is similar to the question above but focuses strictly on what one believes about the natural world. Is the universe strictly physical and yet eternal in one form or another? Is it merely an illusion intended as a battleground for us to work toward enlightenment, or was the universe created by God and far more complex than can be detected by scientists, consisting of both a physical and a spiritual realm?
3. What Is a Human Being?
Is a human basically a biological machine, just a higher level of animal? Is a human a type of god with powers to reach perfection, or is a human an off-the-charts creature
designed in the image of God with an eternal spirit like his and similar abilities to reason, seek moral purity, communicate on a high level, create for beauty, and love even those who cannot love in return? Is death the end of existence, or is there a soul that lives on? Does that soul return in another life, or does it return to God and await judgment?
4. What Is Knowledge?
Is there such a thing as absolute truth, or is truth relative? Is true knowledge only that which may be acquired and understood through scientific means, or is there also knowledge that only may be acquired by revelation from God? Should you only trust your senses, or should you explore the spiritual realm and seek knowledge from God?
5. What Is Your Basis of Ethics?
How do you know right from wrong? Is morality learned, or is it designed into our conscience? Is there a set of absolute moral standards given by God, or is morality relative, a matter of culture, and what is acceptable to a society?
6. What the Purpose of Your Existence?
Is human life as you know it merely the result of some amazing cosmic accident, or is there an underlying meaning to history, a purpose toward which time will culminate? Does life have meaning and purpose for individuals, or is it simply whatever one makes it? Did the Creator design his children with a purpose? If so, what might that be?
How Do We Test Our Worldview?
Everyone (not only religious people) forms his or her worldview on the basis of faith (assumptions and presuppositions) and reason. So we must ask ourselves “how reasonable or consistent is our worldview?” Are there any contradictions that are apparent? Testing a worldview is critical because at the end of the day, most people want to make sure that they have true beliefs about the world. The following tests are just some ways of determining whether or not a particular worldview is true. Consider only three basic tests summarized here: PHI 413 Worldview Analysis And Personal Inventory Assignment
1. The Coherence Test checks the internal consistency of a worldview to see if one’s specific values and beliefs contradict any other beliefs within the worldview.
2. The Correspondence Test examines how well a worldview corresponds to reality. It evaluates evidences and experiences to see if the worldview matches with what one perceives in the real world.
3. The Practical Test evaluates a worldview’s livability. Does the worldview bring satisfaction as one faces life’s challenges, or is it found to be lacking?
Foundations of Christian Spirituality and Ethics
The foundational beliefs of Christianity inform the Christian understanding of the nature of spirituality and the nature of ethics. Thus, the way in which the Christian worldview
answers the six questions above shapes a distinctly Christian spirituality and Christian ethic. The term spirituality has many different definitions in popular culture and in differ
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