Feb 23, 2024 NURS 8002 Locating and Critically Analyzing Primary Research Articles
NURS 8002 Locating and Critically Analyzing Primary Research Articles
NURS 8002 Locating and Critically Analyzing Primary Research Articles
As a student pursuing further education in the field of nursing, it is imperative to develop skills that promote proficiency in research, that is, being able to locate sites with scholarly articles, read and carry out a critical analysis and evaluation. This is what will promote success in the field of nursing research and advancement in career as a credible scientist who can actively participate in the generation of new knowledge and skills that promote safer and efficient nursing practices. The databases available with scholarly work on nursing include; CINAHL Plus and PubMed (Medline) (Hopia & Heikkilä, 2019). The purpose of this paper is to identify two articles from the online nursing resources, write a summary of each article, synthesize the articles from a scholarly standpoint and discuss the difference between summarizing and synthesizing research articles.
The first article reviewed was on evidence-based practice, focusing on the knowledge, attitudes, implementation, facilitators, and barriers among community nurses (Li et al., 2019). This article focuses on the perception of the community nurses about the EBP projects and the barriers they face in carrying out such projects. The CNs have noted that the EBP projects have not been effective in their healthcare service delivery as they believe it is strongly associated with the advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and they find their it difficult to relate it to their own practice. Additionally, it points out to the barriers the CNs face in successfully implementing their EBP projects. The barriers are majorly associated to limited time, resources, knowledge and training and poor motivation that does not encourage them to undertake such projects.
In my second article review, I read through the article on Evidence -based practice education for healthcare professionals: an expert review by Lehane et al., 2018.Accoording to the authors of the article, they do acknowledge the fact that even though EBP-projects are crucial to promoting patient’s safety and quality care, its implementation still remains a big challenge to most healthcare practitioners.
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There is need to constantly communicate to the evidences from research to the relevant stakeholders and more specifically healthcare educators which are better placed in articulating the EBP research process and importance. It is the role of nursing academicians and clinical educators to promote the expansion and successful implementation of EBP research findings into practice. This will ultimately result to quality care and updated methods of that are backed by research evidence and data (Lehane et al., 2018).
What steps do you take to locate primary and peer-reviewed research articles when performing a literature search?
What resources are available to you to engage in a meaningful and successful literature search?
Photo Credit: [erhui1979]/[Digital Vision Vectors]/Getty Images
As you have explored throughout this course, Walden University provides vast resources for student support to ensure success in their academic program of study. When it comes to research and using Library resources, several support mechanisms are available to you as well.
Taking the first step to think about a research topic or area of interest and filtering that topic using a series of keywords and operations will be a fundamental component for performing a literature search in Walden Library’s databases. While the ultimate goal is to produce a set or results that match your search criteria, you must keep in mind that that the quality of the research articles obtained will likely vary. Thus, you must critically examine and analyze the aims of the research produced and how it aligns, confirms, or negates your topic or area of research. As you develop proficiency in this area, you will discover that you can extract content themes and frameworks to enhance future research and the need to identify additional research support.
For this Assignment, consult the Walden Library webinars and resources provided. These resources serve as a general good first step for performing literature searches and engaging with the databases of research available to you. Think about a research topic or area of interest to focus on for this Assignment. Then, search the Walden Library to locate and retrieve peer-reviewed research articles that pertain to your topic or area of interest.
To prepare:
Review the Walden Library webinars presented in the media Learning Resources for this week.
Then, search the Walden Library and locate three peer-reviewed primary research articles that pertain to your practice area and are of particular interest to you.
The Assignment: (6 paragraphs)
Write a 6-paragraph APA-formatted paper in which you do the following:
Write a 1-pararaph introduction of how you conducted your literature search and the databases consulted in your search in relation to your practice area or area of interest. Be specific and provide examples.
Write a 1-paragraph summary of each of the articles you have selected (a total of 3 paragraphs).
Write 1 paragraph that synthesizes the three articles using a scholarly voice.
Write a final paragraph in which you discuss the differences between summarizing and synthesizing research. Be specific and provide examples.
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
By Day 7 of Week 9
Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 9.
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:
Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Module 4 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Module 4 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Module 4 Assignment Rubric
Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity
To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Module 4 Assignment draft and review the originality report.
Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 9
To participate in this Assignment:
Module 4 Assignment
What’s Coming Up in Module 5?
Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images
In the next module, you will analyze ethical issues related to the role of the DNP-prepared nurse. You will also explore the role of the DNP-prepared nurse as an advocate for social change both within their professional practice area and their community.
Next Module
To go to the next module:
Module 5
Weeks 8–9: The Doctorally Prepared Nurse: Scholarship
One of the most important and critical roles of the DNP-prepared nurse is that of the scholar-practitioner. A scholar-practitioner represents an individual who is committed to not only ensuring effective, quality, and safe practice but engages in the necessary scholarship activities to inform that practice.
For example, consider the term evidence-based practice and how pervasive this type of research is for the field of nursing. So many aspects of advanced nursing practice and healthcare delivery are rooted in evidence-based practice research (i.e., the installation and implementation of nursing practice/healthcare delivery guidelines that are supported by the critical analysis and synthesis of peer-reviewed research with clearly defined and specific test criteria).
In your role and function as a DNP-prepared nurse, you have the opportunity to not only demonstrate and apply advanced nursing practice but to also promote the future of advanced nursing practice further by informing the field and areas of improvement through sustained scholarship and research abilities.
This week, you will begin your critical analysis and synthesis of the peer-reviewed research on a topic of interest to inform advanced nursing practice. You will locate a set of peer-reviewed research articles to support your topic of interest and will engage in a stepwise approach to critically analyze, summarize, and synthesize themes in the current literature.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Summarize peer-reviewed research
Synthesize peer-reviewed research
Contrast approaches for summarizing and synthesizing peer-reviewed research
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Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Shea, C. M., Jacobs, S. R., Esserman, D. A., Bruce, K., & Weiner, B. J. (2014). Organizational readiness for implementing change: A psychometric assessment of a new measure. Implementation Science, 9(7), 1–15.
Walden University. (n.d.). Subject research: Nursing. Walden Library. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/subject/nursing
Walden University. (n.d.). Using evidence: Synthesis. Writing Center. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/synthesis
Westlake, C. (2012). Practical tips for literature synthesis. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 26(5), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0b013e318263d766
Document: DNP Project Process Guide (Word document)
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Review the following Media Resources available from the Walden Library:
Walden University. (n.d.). Library webinar archives: Nursing. Walden Library. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/webinararchives/nursing
“Introduction to Nursing Research in the Walden Library”
“Advanced Nursing Research Library Lab”
Module 4: The Doctoral Project and Project Management
Project management is the practice and underlying framework of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing project work to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria within a given time frame. One of the primary challenges of project management is the need to achieve all the project goals within the given constraints.
The successful completion of your DNP program of study requires the completion of both a practicum/field experience and a Doctoral Project. Thus, the framework and practice of project management will be useful in ensuring that you can successfully complete the aims of these two major milestones of your degree program.
In this first course, you will not be required to select your official topic of interest for your Doctoral Project; however, it is highly encouraged that you begin thinking about the direction you might want to go in for the purposes of conducting an initial literature search on your topic of interest. Think about what practice area you might want to pursue upon completion of the DNP degree. What process or set of procedures in your current nursing practice require improvement or investigation? What type of quality improvement initiative are you interested in conducting to improve quality patient care and healthcare delivery?
What’s Happening This Module?
Module 4: The Doctoral Project and Project Management is a 2-week module—Weeks 8–9 of the course—in which you will conduct a literature search of peer-reviewed research and synthesize the research related to either your practice area or an area of particular interest for the practice of nursing. As you engage with the resources for this module, keep in mind that locating, critically analyzing, and synthesizing the peer-reviewed research will be an important skill to develop as you will engage in these processes to complete your Doctoral Project but also in advanced nursing practice. Consider the stepwise approach toward conducting a literature review in the Walden Library and how you will engage in a critical analysis and synthesis of your peer-reviewed research findings as you complete your Module Assignment.
One of the major activities that a DNP nurse participates in is research, usually evidence-based research. As indicated earlier, my interest is in researching reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). This condition is a clinical issue that needs to be mitigated to ensure that the patients have better health outcomes. This write-entails a summary and synthesis of two peer-reviewed articles obtained through the Walden Library search pertaining to reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
Summary of The Articles
One of the articles with the title “Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a multicentre stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial” reported by Fasugba et al. (2019) entails reducing CAUTI. The report compares the efficacy of the use of normal saline and 0.1% chlorhexidine solution in cleaning the meatal area prior to inserting urinary catheters in lowering the incidences of CAUTI. The study used a cross-sectional randomized control trial in the hospitals for a period of three weeks, with a total of 1642 research subjects recruited in three hospitals (Fasugba et al., 2019). While 58% of them were in the intervention period, the remaining 42% were in the control phase. Among the findings is that among the control group, 13 cases of CAUTI were recorded as compared to only 4 cases among the intervention group; hence the intervention was connected to a 94% reduction of the rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
More recently, a study has been reported by Nassikas et al. (2020) with the title “Intensive care unit rounding checklists to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections” This study purposed to determine whether the use of rounding checklist in an intensive care unit lowers the incidences of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. These researchers used a retrospective before-and-after study design. Done in an academic community hospital with a 16 bed ICU unit, the intervention used was an ICU rounding checklist which ensured that the caregivers addressed the use of the indwelling catheters.
Analysis was then done to compare the pre-intervention duration with the post-intervention after implementing the checklist. Pre and post-intervention strategy is one of the best ways of determining the efficacy of an intervention in the management of a condition or disease (Spurlock, 2018). Among the findings obtained from the research is that before the intervention, the unit recorded nineteen CAUTI cases per one thousand catheter days. The rate was found to reduce to 2.12 after the intervention from 4.62 before the implementation of the checklist.
Synthesis of The Sources
The findings of Fasugba et al. (2019) implies that by taking care of the meatal area through thorough cleaning, the rates of CAUTI incidences can greatly be reduced. By employing the normal intervention of using the 0.9% saline solution, whose efficacy has also been shown in previous studies (Khahakaew et al., 2019), this current research was able to demonstrate that the use of 0.1% chlorhexidine solution is more efficacious hence introducing better evidence to practice. Indeed, the findings are in agreement with other studies (Mitchell et al., 2019). However, the findings also differ from other reports where the use of chlorhexidine did not lead to lower incidences of CAUTI, even though that study was a single-site randomized control site.
Several interventions exist for controlling CAUTI. Patients at the ICU particularly need to be free from the infections to give them a better chance of healing; therefore, the study by Nassikas et al. (2020) is significant. They were able to demonstrate that using the checklist in the ICU setting can be vital. These findings can be generalizable in an ICU setting in other locations since the intervention focuses on just using a checklist. It is important to note that this intervention is relatively cost effective, even though at first it may lead to increased use of indwelling catheters, eventually it allows for lower usage rates. The findings are also supported by other studies. For instance, a study done to combine checklist and education intervention effectively reduced the rates of CAUTI (Menegueti et al., 2019).
References
Fasugba, O., Cheng, A. C., Gregory, V., Graves, N., Koerner, J., Collignon, P., … & Mitchell, B. G. (2019). Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a multicentre stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(6), 611-619. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30736-9.
Khahakaew, S., Suwanpimolkul, G., Wongkeskij, T., Punakabutra, N., & Suankratay, C. (2019, October). 1151. A Comparison of Periurethral Cleaning Between Normal Saline and Savlon Solutions Before Indwelling Urinary Catheterization in Reducing Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria: A Randomized Controlled Study. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 6, No. Supplement_2, pp. S411-S411). US: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1015
Menegueti, M. G., Ciol, M. A., Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F., Auxiliadora-Martins, M., Gaspar, G. G., da Silva Canini, S. R. M., … & Laus, A. M. (2019). Long-term prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections among critically ill patients through the implementation of an educational program and a daily checklist for maintenance of indwelling urinary catheters: a quasi-experimental study. Medicine, 98(8). Doi 10.1097/MD.0000000000014417.
Mitchell, B. G., Fasugba, O., Cheng, A. C., Gregory, V., Koerner, J., Collignon, P., … & Graves, N. (2019). Chlorhexidine versus saline in reducing the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection: a cost-effectiveness analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 97, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.04.003.
Nassikas, N. J., Monteiro, J. F. G., Pashnik, B., Lynch, J., Carino, G., & Levinson, A. T. (2020). Intensive Care Unit Rounding Checklists to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 41(6), 680-683. Doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.43
Spurlock Jr, D. R. (2018). The single-group, pre-and posttest design in nursing education research: It’s time to move on. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(2), 69-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20180123-02.
Nurs 8002 Week 8 Assignment
One of the skills that have to be well developed by a DNP student is research skills, as DNP-prepared nurses are required to formulate solutions to various clinical problems. Central to the skill is an appropriate choice of a topic that forms the basis of a problems statement and uses the fundamentals of research to search in various databases to get relevant information. Obtaining relevant literature is not the end, but a means to an end as an individual has to analyze the sources and evaluate how well it relates to the topic or the problem in question (Eriksen, & Frandsen, 2018). The purpose of this week’s assignment is to describe how a literature search related to a topic of interest was accomplished and a summary of the selected articles.
The Literature Search
Prior to accomplishing the literature search, the problem’s keywords were noted down to help in narrowing down the search results. For instance, one of the most common healthcare issues is healthcare-acquired infections such as catheter-acquired urinary tract infections. Controlling them is therefore key. Using Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning was then considered as a possible intervention. In searching the databases, keywords were used, and a search was done in databases such as Medline, CIHNAL, PsycINFO, web of science, and google scholar. Various keywords such as “CAUTI,” “management,” and “Prevention,” and “chlorhexidine” were used.
Summary of the Chosen Articles
One of the articles obtained from the literature search is work done by Fasugba et al. This research employed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of utilization of Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning during catheterization in the prevention of CAUTI. With a sample of 1642, the researchers found a positive effect. For instance, upon the use of the intervention, there was a significant reduction of CAUTI cases from thirteen to only four for every one hundred catheter days. By the end of the study, the intervention was found to reduce the cases of CAUTI by 94% (Fasugba et al., 2019).
Another article retrieved is an article authored by Mitchel et al. to compare the efficacy of using saline versus Chlorhexidine in lowering the rates of CAUTI and the cost associated with each. Using a randomized controlled trial study design, the study revealed that using Chlorhexidine was more efficacious and cost-effective than using saline (Mitchel et al., 2019). The use of Chlorhexidine coincided with a significant drop in the cases of CAUTI in the hospitals, reducing admission days hence leading to reduced costs.
In yet another study, Sarani et al. evaluated the impact of using 2% Chlorhexidine and normal saline in perineal care in a comparative study. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental study design, the researchers managed to obtain some relevant results among women who got admitted to the ICU. While the rates of the groups using normal saline had 77% of CAUTI rates, the use of the 2% Chlorhexidine led to a substantially lower value of only 13%, indicating the importance of using Chlorhexidine (Sarani et al., 2020).
Synthesis of the Articles
The negative impacts of CAUTI are reflected in the research efforts dedicated to finding strategies to control it. The three articles summarized in the previous section show to various degrees the efficacy of using Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning. While Fasugba et al. focused solely on Chlorhexidine, Mitchell et al. and Sarani et al. did comparison studies to find out how the use of Chlorhexidine compares with the normal saline in controlling CAUTI ((Mitchel et al., 2019, (Sarani et al., 2020)). All three articles reported statistically significant results hence underpinning the importance of using Chlorhexidine for meatal cleaning as an intervention. The level of evidence in these articles is good as they are randomized controlled trials and experimental resear
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