Feb 23, 2024 PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050
PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 The healthcare system is highly sensitive and that is why presidents have to make critical decisions and ensure the safety of their citizens. I agree with you that the opioid epidemic is one of the healthcare issues that rose to the presidential level. Opioid misuse presents various health risks and that is why it was necessary to engage the presidential intervention. President Bush’s administration approached the issue in three ways. First, the administration provided efforts to stop the kids from using the drug. Secondly, the treatment for those already using the drug was expanded and finally, the flow of the drug into America was controlled. The measure would be undertaken for infectious diseases that arise, Breaking the infection cycle is important in managing health crises and emergencies (Hedberg, et al., 2019). The Obama administration approached the issue more comprehensively and approved the CAR bill to fight the epidemic. Similarly, President Donald Trump declared the epidemic a national state of emergency and this was appropriate. I agree that health issues require urgent intervention to curb the causative factors and prevent the issue from spreading further and this is what the three presidential administrations did. The presidents must be sensitive to identify the impacts of given health issues and develop appropriate policies that will minimize the harmful effects the citizens suffer (Smith, 2020). In this case, the use of opioid drugs was on the rise and the level could have been very disastrous if the relevant measures developed were not adopted. It is important that government systems set aside funds to handle medical emergencies whenever they rise because they cannot be postponed (Katz, Attal-Juncqua & Fischer, 2017). Struggling to Meet Your Deadline? Get your assignment on PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW! Meet my deadline PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References Hedberg, K., Bui, L. T., Livingston, C., Shields, L. M., & Van Otterloo, J. (2019). Integrating public health and health care strategies to address the opioid epidemic: the Oregon Health Authority’s Opioid Initiative. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 25(3), 214-220. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000849. Katz, R., Attal-Juncqua, A., & Fischer, J. E. (2017). Funding public health emergency preparedness in the United States. American journal of public health, 107(S2), S148-S152. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303956 Smith, H. J. (2020). Ethics, Public Health, and Addressing the Opioid Crisis. AMA Journal of Ethics, 22(8), 647-650. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2020.647. One of the global pandemics that has reached the presidential level is COVID-19. This is a viral infection that started in Wuhan, China, in 2019. It is caused by SARS-COV-2, and its symptoms include fever, tiredness, sore throat, loss of sense of taste, among others (Shereen et al., 2020). The two U.S. presidents that have managed the pandemic are former President Trump and President Biden. These two presidents had two different management strategies ranging from communication to the use of masks. Instead of a coordinated national plan to implement public health preventive measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, the Trump Administration rested the primary responsibility of corresponding to COVID-19 with the states. The federal government came in as a backup plan. This was a downside since a lack of a coordinated national plan led to worsening community spread, lack of supplies, and ineffective policies. During the early stages of the pandemic, the President focused on closing U.S. borders to prevent the virus’s entry. However, the community spread the virus, and this policy was not effective. After taking office from Donald Trump, President Biden focused on consistent information to restore trust and credibility. He shifted into a national COVID-19 emergency response plan and eliminated cost barriers in COVID-19 care. He scaled up COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and distribution of critical COVID-19 supplies. The President focused on mask-wearing as a preventive measure. He called on governors and mayors to oversee mask-wearing campaigns. Biden has also focused on mass vaccinations to prevent severe COVID-19. Currently, 70% of adult Americans are fully vaccinated. Primary prevention measures are essential in the control of COVID-19. These measures include hand washing, wearing a mask, and social distancing (Sellner et al., 2021). As a president, I would have invested in primary prevention measures to slow down community spread at the beginning of the pandemic. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References Sellner, J., Jenkins, T. M., Von Oertzen, T. J., Bassetti, C. L., Beghi, E., Bereczki, D., Bodini, B., Cavallieri, F., Di Liberto, G., Helbok, R., Macerollo, A., Maia, L. F., Oreja‐Guevara, C., Özturk, S., Rakusa, M., Sauerbier, A., Soffietti, R., Taba, P., & Pisani, A. (2021). Primary prevention of COVID‐19: Advocacy for vaccination from a neurological perspective. European Journal of Neurology, 28(10), 3226-3229. Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91-98. Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 According to the CDC, the number of drug overdose deaths increased by nearly 5% from 2018 to 2019 and has quadrupled since 1999. Over 70% of the 70,630 deaths in 2019 involved an opioid. From 2018 to 2019, there were significant changes in opioid-involved death rates (CDC, 2017). Opioids are highly addictive, and opioid abuse has become a national crisis in the United States. Statistics highlight the severity of the epidemic, with the National Institute on Drug Abuse reporting that more than 2 million Americans abuse opioids and that more than 90 Americans die by opioid overdose every day, on average (NIH, 2020). The U.S. presidents that have managed the abuse are President Joe Biden and Donald Trump. They both having different approaches to this matter. Joe Biden approach is to tackle this crisis by making sure people have access to high quality health care – including substance use disorder treatment and mental health services. That’s what Obamacare did by designating substance use disorder treatment and mental health services as essential benefits that insurers must cover, and by expanding Medicaid, the nation’s largest payer for mental health services which also plays an increasingly growing role as a payer for substance use disorder services. Biden’s plan to tackle the opioid epidemic and substance use disorders is to defeat Trump and then protect and build on Obamacare (CNN, 2020). President Trump wants to repeal Obamacare, including its Medicaid expansion. Repeal would be disastrous for communities and families combating the opioid crisis (CNN, 2020) As president, I would invest in making sure that primary care providers are prescribing opioids to patient that .have chronic issues, drug testing monthly to make sure patients are not using other drugs. I have patient to give feedback as in if the prescribed dose is helping. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, March 17). Understanding the epidemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.nih.gov/. Vazquez, M. (2020, February 2). What Trump’s drug policies have meant for America’s opioid epidemic. CNN. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/02/politics/opioid-epidemic-donald-trump-drug-policy/index.html. It was great reading your discussion post. It is fact that Obamacare’s approach to the opioid epidemic is similar to the Biden administration. Providing high-quality substance abuse treatment and mental health services. Working in psychiatry and mental health I work with a lot of people whom before the pandemic was able to manage and cope with day-to-day stressors however and as a direct result, I have found the number of substance abuse cases has grown exponentially. Thus there are not enough places for us to refer patients to that require substance abuse services. Often times than not patients are dually diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder coupled with a substance abuse disorder. Your suggestion as president is ideal and functions similar to methadone/suboxone clinics. They are established to treat opioids and pain management. However, this is a system that is often taken for granted and easily overwhelmed. I would suggest an alternative to opioids as the only line of help for chronic pain. For instance non-Westernized forms of treatment acupuncture, meditation, and herbs. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 Reference Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Barrett Learning p. 17- 36. The population health topic I am choosing is the opioid epidemic. I chose this because it affects such a large population in today’s world. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), drug overdose deaths have increased by nearly 5% from 2018 to 2019 and quadrupled since 1999. Over 70% of the 70,630 deaths in 2019 involved an opioid. In 2020, 91,799 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States. The number continues to rise, and drugs seem to be more accessible. Regarding social determinants, people from low socio-economic classes have poorer health. They are more likely to use tobacco, drink alcohol at high risk, and use illicit drugs. Drug-dependent people are particularly likely to be unemployed and to experience marginalization, both of which can exacerbate their problems and prevent seeking or benefiting from treatment (Spooner,2017). Drug abuse is not shy when it comes to whom it affects. People in low socioeconomic classes happen to get slammed with drug abuse as we have not provided the right accessibility for them. One of President Trump’s solutions was to build a wall. Theoretically, the wall would stop illegal drugs from coming in, and this wall was supposed to be built on the Mexican border. He also said he would enhance access to addiction services, end Medicaid policies that obstruct inpatient treatment, and expand incentives for state and local governments to use drug courts and mandated treatment to respond to the addiction crisis (Kaiser Family Foundation,2017). Although some think the wall may help, it is not the solution to the epidemic. In some cases, working from the outside inward works, but in this case, I think this epidemic needs to be approached from the inside out. In this case, I would have started the solution on the inside. I would have targeted what we can control right now. Stopping Illegal drugs from coming in will help in the long run, but you must focus on what illegal drugs are happening in the US. Building a wall doesn’t stop the use, trading, selling, or buying we are currently dealing with. I would work to eliminate those issues, do more research on who this affects the most, and start there. We know people from low socio-economic classes struggle the most, so I start there and work my way out. Maybe we start focusing on getting these people out of this low-income rut. We provide schooling, daycare, and opportunities some people will never receive. Even starting there seems small, but I would further it with Trump’s plan to enhance access to drug addiction services like counselors. I would hold more doctors accountable and pharmaceutical companies pushing these opioids for money. According to the Democrat National Committee (2020), President Biden’s solution includes holding people accountable such as big pharmaceutical companies, executives, and others, responsible for their role in triggering the opioid crisis. Biden will create effective prevention, treatment, and recovery services available to all through a $125 billion federal investment. Most importantly, we will stop overprescribing pain medication to citizens. I think Biden’s solutions to this epidemic were much better; these solutions start inward and target the people in the US struggling. I believe the solutions listed will help the country see a decline in opioid deaths, but they won’t solve the issue altogether. As much as I agree with this approach, I don’t think the primary producers of these drugs are being held accountable enough. I would figure out a way other than fines to serve these companies. Possibly suspending their production may be a helping solution. The problem is these companies are laced with money, so half the time, they don’t even blink at the request to hand over money due to fines. I wouldn’t change much to Biden’s policy otherwise. I think his approach gives people accessibility, and that’s truly what we need to end this epidemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022). Death Rate Maps & Graphs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/deaths/index.html Democrat National Committee. (2020). The Biden plan to end the opioid crisis. Joe Biden for President: Official Campaign Website. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://joebiden.com/opioidcrisis/ Kaiser Family Foundation. (2017, January 9). President-elect Donald Trump stands on six health care issues – election 2016: The issues. KFF. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.kff.org/report-section/where-president-elect-donald-trump-stands-on-six-health-care-issues/#opioid Spooner, C. (2017). SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF DRUG USE. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC). Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/ great topic choice. There has been an increase on Fentanyl related deaths as of lately. According to the CDC overdose deaths which includes fentanyl and fentanyl analogs increased over 56% from 2019 to 2020. (CDC, 2022). From what I have observed personally at work, there has also been a lot of cocaine overdose in much younger populations. In terms of drugs being accessible, I had a 23 yr old patient on the ICU who overdosed on cocaine because it was being shared at a party. I work in NYC, with a lot of minority populations, I deal with a lot of cases like this, most of which end up fatal, they result in cardiac arrest and end in death. I agree with your point Regarding the building of the wall during former President Trumps term. I believe the wall being built was to serve a different Agenda and not necessarily to prevent drugs from being brought across the border. A wall is not the answer, working from inside out to address the issue and hold the main culprits responsible will be a much better approach. In the USA, there have been recent legislative shifts towards less punitive policing, with the former President Obama’s bill expanding access to naloxone, the implementation in the Washington State of Good Samaritan Laws aimed at empowering community members to prevent overdose. (Vashishtha et al., 2017). I believe these are ways that we can continue to help combat these issues from the inside out like you mentioned. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 1). Fentanyl. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/fentanyl.html Vashishtha, D., Mittal, M. L., & Werb, D. (2017, May 12). The North American opioid epidemic: Current challenges and a call for treatment as prevention – harm reduction journal. BioMed Central. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-017-0135-4 In 2017, a declaration was made by President Donald Trump stating there is a public health emergency related to opioid use in America. He estimated that there were about 64,000 drug-related deaths in 2016 (Houseman, 2020). Moreover, three-quarters of those deaths were related to the use of opioids. The President mentioned that this was the death rate recorded. The “Support Act” was started by President Trump to place restrictions on providers and their ability to write narcotic prescriptions. Narcotic prescriptions are now electronically monitored to prevent patients from obtaining multiple prescriptions from multiple providers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2022). A budget for education, targeting youth at risk, tighter control on illegal drug transportation, and funds were made available for those in need of rehabilitation and recovery. To me, this is the best attempt to resolve this crisis. President Trump went through all the steps to prevent addiction, including educating youth at a specific age and sending a message out before they become affected. President Trump restricted the source of illegal drug administration and prescriptions to make drugs less available. President Trump offered a recovery process to those already affected and still affected by addiction. This process was well thought out, in my opinion. The “Support Act” was firmly implemented into society, but over time it began to be maintained with less force. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References Houseman, K. (2020, November 19). Prosecuting drug overdose cases: A paradigm shift. National Association of Attorneys General. Retrieved September 2, 2022, from https://www.naag.org/attorney-general-journal/prosecuting-drug-overdose-cases-a-paradigm-shift/ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, July 21). Overdose death rates. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved September 2, 2022, from https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates I agree with you that most people living the US and the world have had mental illness at one stage of their lives. It is absolutely true that most communities have neglected mental illness such as emotional distress, depression, and stress. Unexpected and sudden death is common among mental health patients. Persons with mental illness are known to have poor health status and considerable premature mortality. I concur with my colleague that the previous presidents, George W Bush, Barrack Obama, and Donald Trump, have made fundamental reforms to reduce the number of mental health patients in America. Bush created a commission that come up with 19 impressive recommendations to reduce mental illness. His successor, Obama, signed ACA that added mental health patients to Medicaid. Lastly, Trump supported a group of health clinics for mentally ill patients with US$700 million. Mental health disorders affect a person’s feeling, thinking, mood, or behavior, such as anxiety, depression, panic disorder, prevalence, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder (Valentine, & Shipherd, 2018). These conditions may either be chronic (long-lasting) or occasional, affecting the person’s ability to perform their daily activities. In 2019, nearly 21% of Americans had a mental illness. The number signifies that 1 in 5 Americans experienced mental health disorders in 2019 (Czeisler et al., 2020). Mental health disorder does not discriminate, and it can affect all people regardless of their social status, income, geography, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity/race, or spirituality/religion. Unfortunately, people who are mentally ill do not want to talk about it. There is nothing to be ashamed of about this condition; it is a medical condition like diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases. Most mental disorders disorders are treatable. PRESIDENTIAL AGENDAS NURS 6050 References Czeisler, M. É., Lane, R. I., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J. F., Christensen, A., Njai, R., … & Rajaratnam, S. M. (2020). Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, June 24–30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(32), 1049. Doi: doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1 Valentine, S. E., & Shipherd, J. C. (2018). A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 24-38. Doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003 Each year in the U.S., millions of people are affected by mental illness. The CDC reports that 50% of Americans will at one time in their life be diagnosed with a mental disorder (CDC, 2019). As nurses, we must understand the physical, social and financial impact mental health has on our nation. We must raise awareness, reduce the negative stigma, and advocate for better health care. I focused my post on mental health care because it is my nursing specialty. After reviewing what the last three presidents have accomplished, I was surprised and pleased with president Bush’s and Obama’s attempts to address mental health; however, I was disappointed in President Trump’s apparent lack of support. In 2002 President Bush created the New Freedom Commission Act, which would improve mental health services for children, adolescents, and adults by coordinating treatments and services to promote their successful integration into the community (President`s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2019). His support for mental health didn’t stop there. Throughout his presidency, he continued to make positive changes for those living with mental illness. In his final year as president, he signed an act establishing health insurance coverage for people with mental health disorders, seeing it as just as important as physical health (Hart, 2016). Two years later, under the Obama administration, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, much like Bush, demonstrating that mental health is as important as physical health. In 2016, the president proposed a budget that included a new $500 million investment to increase access to mental health care (Hart, 2016). As stated above, both Presidents acknowledged mental health and the importance of treating it as equal to physical health. Conversely, during his time in office, President Trump advocated for the reduction in Medicaid funding to each state, which directly impacted the mental health services to the aged and disabled who qualified under this program (The Trump Administration and Mental Health, 2018). If I were to do anything different, I would have built on the legacy of Bush and Obama to increase awareness, policies, and funds to address mental health. Mental health issues are not going away, and decreasing funding for programs that meet the needs of the mentally ill is a step in the wrong direction. I enjoyed reading your post and agree that the Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a hot topic within the nursing community. Due to COVID-19, it is hard to even think about any other issues happening in nursing right now. In your post, you talk about autonomy in nursing, which I always valued when practicing medicine. Autonomy is the ability to act on his or her own values and interests (Greaney & O’Mathúna, 2017). Personally, I do not want to practice medicine with a parental lens; I want to practice as a coach who can guide and educate my patient to make the best decision for themself. Since COVID-19 began, I believe that allowing patients to make the best decision for themselves has been taken away. I have seen many health care providers forcing their opinions and beliefs onto their patients. It remains critical for health care workers to remember that ultimately it is up to the patient to make the decision they want regarding their health and wellness. In order to help guide patients, I often used the evidence-based practice approach. Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach used in a clinical setting that incorporates evidence from well-designed studies (Milstead & Short, 2019). As a nurse, I think it is important to educate people on how to conduct research so they can make decisions they feel comfortable with for themselves and their loved ones. In your post, you mentioned that getting vaccinated is a personal choice, and I agree with you. People often seek the advice of their medical provider on whether or not to receive a vaccine. In addition to the advice, I also like to provide patients with information on how to find research that may be helpful when making their decision. I hope that moving forward, medical providers and patients can continue to make their own medical decisions without repercussions. Greaney, A.-M., & O’Mathúna, D. P. (2017). Patient autonomy in nursing and healthcare contexts. Key Concepts and Issues in Nursing Ethics, 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49250-6_7 Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jonest and Barlett Learning The population health topic I am choosing is the opioid epidemic. I chose this because it affects such a large population in today’s world. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), drug overdose deaths have increased by nearly 5% from 2018 to 2019 and quadrupled since 1999. Over 70% of the 70,630 deaths in 2019 involved an opioid. In 2020, 91,799 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States. The number continues to rise, and drugs seem to be more accessible. Regarding social determinants, people from low socio-economic classes have poorer health. They are more likely to use tobacco, drink alcohol at high risk, and use illicit drugs. Drug-dependent people are particularly likely to be unemployed and to experience marginalization, both of which can exacerbate their problems and prevent seeking or benefiting from treatment (Spooner,2017). Drug abuse is not shy when it comes to whom it affects. People in low socioeconomic classes happen to get slammed with drug abuse as we have not provided the right accessibility for them. One of President Trump’s solutions was to build a wall. Theoretically, the wall would stop illegal drugs from coming in, and this wall was supposed to be b
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