SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 5

Introduction

System Analysis and Design (SAD) refers to a broad term which is used to describe methodologies and frameworks that develop top quality information systems that combine people, Information Technology (IT), and data to help in supporting the business requirements. There are various components which complement and support SAD. Cloud computing refers to the process of delivering computing services such as servers, analytics, software and networking over the internet to help increase the speed of innovation, enhance flexibility of resources, and create economies of scale in a business. The purpose of this research paper is to take a look into three concepts IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. These concepts help in complementing the system analysis and design. IaaS refers to a cloud computing offering where the vendor gives users access to the computing resources such as the servers and networks. PaaS on the other hand provides users with a cloud environment where they can develop, manage and also deliver applications. SaaS gives the users access to the vendors cloud based software.

Literature Review

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Although the issue of data security is present in all service models the IaaS is very vulnerable because it is the location where the entire data is stored and where a network connection begins. Saed et al., 2018 is about the checklists and the guidelines to help in securing the IaaS layer in organizations. In ensuring data governance and security of IaaS layer a business should first identify the specific threats of the IaaS model layer. Businesses can also come up with security controls to help in protecting the infrastructures. Some of the threats that IaaS is exposed to includes the abuse of cloud, data loss, data theft, data leakages and account hijacking among others. IaaS is considered as one of the most important elements of the cloud computing because it is where the information and data is stored and hence it needs to be secure so that third parties cannot gain access to it.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Olokunde et al., 2017 is an article that proposes a model to be used in evaluation of PaaS. There are various quality criteria that the authors propose for the evaluation model. One software developers should ensure that they create a platform that can be used easily. A good PaaS should be portable and that means that it should be easy to move it from one location to another. To ensure portability the software developers need to be easily installed and uninstalled from a location. Yasrab talks about the portability of the next generation of PaaS addressing the improvements which are expected in PaaS in cloud computing. The article also talks about the reason as to why the PaaS has been hyped so much. The demand for the software applications is currently going up and this gives IT managers and IT teams so much pressure. Hence the IT teams are seeking platforms to help them shift from the manual systems to faster and automated procedures in their businesses.

Software as a service (SaaS)

Loukis et al 2019 talks about the factors that determine the benefits and impacts of SaaS on the performance of organizations. From the research the authors discovered that the ability of an organization to adapt to the SaaS model has a positive impact on both the operational and innovation benefits gained from using SaaS. Some of the operational benefits of the use of SaaS include the reduction of the operating costs and the achievement of high quality levels of production. Additionally the use of SaaS in business helps in the improvement of the agility of an organization and also adaptation to the business challenges and environmental factors. Hyysalo, 2019 in the article talks about the influence of the customer success on the sustainable performance of the SaaS Company. According to this research article for organizations to achieve customer success they are needed to develop the capabilities which will help a business sense and seize opportunities as and at when they present themselves. The article proposes some of the ways in which businesses can build these capabilities. For instance in the sensing capabilities organizations can segment data to help identify the customer needs and wants faster.

Analysis of Literature (evidence)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

As seen in the literature review section the IaaS is exposed to a wide range of risks and challenges. One of the challenges in IaaS is the different points of vulnerability. When organizations shift to cloud, they tend to do a lift and shift where they move all the existing apps and solutions as if they were on-premise server and the reason for doing this is that it is cheaper compared to coming up with new ones. However this is not safe as it ignores that there are different points of vulnerability in the cloud environment when compared to an on-premise environment. Another source of risk in IaaS could be different locations since the locations will necessitate for additional firewall or routing rules to assist in the handling of traffic accordingly. The complexity of the IaaS is one of the sources of risk as well especially because of the different points of vulnerability.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

PaaS allows the software developers to develop applications with the in-built software components. There are various factors that ensure the effectiveness of PaaS and one of the factors proposed according to the literature review is portability. Portability is important since most people opt for cloud computing because of convenience and portability is one of the ways to offer convenience. The PaaS should also have an unlimited database customization and a customizable user interface. Additionally PaaS needs to ensure that the coding that is needed to be done is minimal and this will help lower the complexity of PaaS.

Software as a service (SaaS)

From the literature review there are various benefits of using Software as a service (SaaS) and this benefits include cost minimization. Since SaaS exists in a multi-tenant model it lowers the costs since the costs of the hardware and the software are low when compared to the costs in the traditional model. The maintenance costs are also low since the SaaS provider owns the environment which is split among customers. SaaS solutions exist in cloud environments which are scalable, in SaaS as opposed to the traditional model one does not have to buy a server. As a client, the SaaS allows for the flexibility to scale up or scale down.

Conclusion

Through system analysis and design processes organizations are able to analyze a situation in a business with an aim of improving it and creating better procedures and methods. Organizations can use cloud computing to help achieve operational efficiency and attain its set objectives. The research looks at the IaaS, PaaS and SaaS components of cloud computing and the application of the concepts in business. One of the benefits for the concepts in business is that they help in minimizing the costs of a business and automation of the organizational process and procedures.

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